Tunable, reconfigurable, and programmable acoustic metasurfaces: A review

The advent of acoustic metasurfaces (AMs), which are the two-dimensional equivalents metamaterials, has opened up new possibilities in wave manipulation using acoustically thin structures. Through interaction between waves and subwavelength scattering, AMs exhibit versatile capabilities to control propagation such as by steering, focusing, absorption. In recent years, this vibrant field expanded include tunable, reconfigurable, programmable further expand capacity AMs. This paper reviews developments summarizes fundamental approaches for achieving tunable control, namely, mechanical tuning, active use field-responsive materials. An overview basic concepts each category is first presented, followed a discussion their applications details about performance. review concludes with outlook future directions exciting field.